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WebHamilcar Barca (275-228 BCE) was the father of the legendary general Hannibal and himself a highly successful military leader who conquered much of Iberia for Carthage before being attacked by hostile tribes and drowning in a river. Until the rise to power of his son Hannibal, Hamilcar was the finest commander and statesman that Carthage had produced. In addition to an inclement climate, Hannibal's army faced guerrilla attacks from Indigenous tribes who rolled heavy stones across their path. Minted in Carthago Nova, Spain, 237-227 BCE. The Carthaginian state was led by the landed aristocracy at the time, and they preferred to expand across northern Africa instead of pursuing an aggressive policy in Sicily. Flips. While Hamilcar won no large-scale battle or recaptured any cities lost to the Romans, he waged a relentless campaign against the enemy, and caused a constant drain on Roman resources. Foi pai de Anbal, Asdrbal, Adonibal e Mago, [ 2] bem como o construtor dos famosos jardins de Amlcar, que se encontravam em Mgara, na periferia de Cartago . The Carthaginians were marching in good order so they could perform a pre-planned manoeuvre which they had practiced in Carthage, but the rebels, many of whom were inexperienced soldiers, believed that the Carthaginians were running away. Massalia had become friendly with Rome over the years, if not an outright ally by 237 BC, and this connection would become a significant factor in the power politics of the region. With Hannibal and son-in-law Hasdrubal (the Handsome), he and an army of elephants and Phoenician and Numidian troops battled Iberian tribes, founded the city of Akra Leuke (modern Alicante), acquired huge quantities of Spanish silver bullion, and solidified new political and military alliances. Wiki User. Legend tells that he founded the port of Barcino (deriving its name from the Barca family), which was later adopted and used by the Roman Empire and is, today, the city of Barcelona. In approximately 183 B.C., at Libyssa, near the Bosporus Straits, Hannibal took his own life by ingesting a vial of poison. [99] Iberian and Celtiberian tribes were not under any unified leadership at this time and were warlike, although some had absorbed varying degrees of Greek and Punic cultural influence. On the 15th day of the crossing, and more than five months away from Cartagena, Hannibal finally exited the Alps with just 20,000 infantry, 6,000 cavalry and all 37 elephants. Hannibal Barca continued the legacy of his father and carried the Barca family by being Romes greatest rival. The wealth bought him a proper army and helped him to purchase majority support from the Carthaginian senate. Little is known about the origins or history of the Barca family prior to the Punic Wars. Hamilcar offered the prisoners a choice to join his army, or leave Africa with the condition never to take up arms against Carthage. WebHamilcar Barca, Hannibal's father, began waging an audacious guerilla campaign against Roman forces and allies.

The Barca family was a notable Carthaginian family of Carthage originating around 247BC. He led the Carthaginian army in the first Punic War till 241 BC. It is also possible that he had hoped to establish a future war chest with Spanish silver. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. .css-m6thd4{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;display:block;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.2;font-weight:bold;color:#323232;text-transform:capitalize;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-m6thd4:hover{color:link-hover;}}Tuskegee Airman Clarence D. Lester Broke Barriers, Biography: You Need to Know: Rick Thornton. However, the constant skirmishing without ultimate victory may have caused the morale of some of Hamilcar's troops to crack and 1,000 Celtic mercenaries tried to betray the Punic camp to the Romans, which was foiled. [67] The rebel army was slaughtered, with the elephants trampling most to death. [79] The influence Hamilcar enjoyed among the people and the opposition party enabled him to avoid standing trial. Carthage was a mixture of indigenous black Africans, Berber tribesmen, Semitic Arabs, white Celtic Germanic warriors, Greek sojourners, and white Libyan tribesmen that existed when many Phoenician cities and colonies decorated North Africa. When his troops rushed towards the retreating Carthaginians, Spendius was either unable to control them or believed that the Carthaginians were fleeing and encouraged his forces' pursuit. [65] Using tactics later made famous by Q. Fabius against Hannibal, Hamilcar's eldest son, the rebels shadowed Hamilcar's army, while moving south, harassing his soldiers and keeping to the high ground to avoid Carthaginian elephants and cavalry. When the Mercenary War burst out in 240 BC, Hamilcar was recalled to command and was instrumental in concluding that conflict successfully. There is no clear record of the political activity in Carthage at this time. [72] This probably dealt a fatal blow to any chance of permanent peace between Rome and Carthage[73] and is one of the causes of the Second Punic War and held as the motivation of the subsequent military and political activities of Hamilcar.[74]. WebBaal Hammon was the chief god of the Carthaginians. The gloomy situation changed when first Syracuse and then Rome came to the aid of Carthage. Miles, Richard, Carthage Must be Destroyed, p. 198. Heavy infantry formed the rearguard, and the whole army marched in a single file in battle formation. Rebels opposing this were stoned and Gisco and his fellow prisoners were tortured to death.

Autaritus spread the rumor that Carthaginian prisoners led by Gisco were plotting to escape. 3rd-century BCE Carthaginian statesman and general, father of Hannibal, sfn error: no target: CITEREFScullard2006 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFBagnall1999 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFGoldsworthy2006 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRankov2015 (, Diodorus Siculus 24.10, Polybius 1.73.1, 1.72.3. Thus began the extraordinary power of the Barca royal line. WebHamilcar was a Carthaginian commander whose greatest achievement was winning the Battle of Drepanum in 249 BC during the First Punic War. After the trapped rebels ran out of food, pack animals and cavalry horses and finally resorted to cannibalism, Spendius, Autaritus and Zarzas, accompanied by seven others, went to Hamilcar's camp to seek terms. Rome suspected Carthage of aiding the natives, and had sent embassies to Carthage in 236, 235, 233 and 230 BC to accuse and threaten the Punic state. Carthaginian warships were forbidden to sail along Italian shores or those of their allies. However, if Hamilcar had hoped to recapture Panormus, he failed in his strategy. Hamilcar raised an army of 10,000 with Romes cooperation and battled the rebels for four years before recapturing his provinces in north Africa. As the strain on the Punic population increased, Carthaginian authorities then sent them off to Sicca, planning to plead with the whole army to forgo their unpaid wages by pointing out the dire financial situation of Carthage. Hamilcar stood out far above the Carthaginians of his age in military and diplomatic skill and in strength of patriotism; in these qualities he was surpassed only by his son Hannibal, whom he may have imbued with his own deep suspicion of Rome and trained to be his successor in the conflict. [122] By the power of his personal influence among the mercenaries and the surrounding African peoples, superior strategy and some luck, as well as cooperation, if unenthusiastic, from Hanno the Great, Hamilcar crushed the revolt by 237 BC amid a war marked with cruel atrocities from both sides.[123]. Web6 abril, 2023 praying mantis on car dairy farms for sale in washington state as a teleworker you are responsible for all of the following except praying mantis on car dairy farms for sale in washington state as a teleworker you are responsible for all of the following except Hamilcar had three sons, Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago, who were all to have distinguished military careers. Emergencies after hours, during the night, or on weekends should be directed to the Department of Public Safety at ext. [11] It was to be seven years before Rome again attempted to field a substantial fleet.[12][13]. The aristocratic party had dominated Carthaginian politics since 248 BC. The Turdetani surrendered. [68] Hamilcar retreated north near the mouth of the Bagradas River, while Matho crucified his prisoners on the same crosses Hamilcar had used to crucify the rebel leaders, then retreated out of Tunis and moved south. Furthermore, Hamilcar had invited Hanno the Great to join forces and try to end the rebellion as quickly as possible, but the generals failed to cooperate. 140 10 comments Add a Comment He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. Having secured control over the mines, and the river routes of Guadalquiver and Guadalete giving access to the mining area, Gades began to mint silver coins from 237 BC. When the rebel leaders agreed to the terms, Hamilcar detained the rebel delegation. According to Appian, Hamilcar was thrown from his horse and drowned in a river,[116] but Polybius says he fell in battle in an unknown corner of Iberia against an unnamed tribe. Roman deserters may have been surrendered on a later date. 68, 69, Punica Barcino, Goldsworthy, Adrian, The Fall of Carthage, pp95, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hamilcar_Barca&oldid=1147420578, Carthaginian commanders of the First Punic War, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles with German-language sources (de), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. However, the Carthaginian authorities waited until the whole army had gathered at Carthage, probably by the summer of 241 BC. In an effort to reestablish their position, they decided to make a scapegoat of Hamilcar Barca. One of coins found in Italy, near the battle site of Lake Trasimene where Hannibals Carthaginian Army defeated the Romans, shows an African man on one side with the characteristic strong African features such as curly hair, thick lips, and full nose; on the coins opposite side shows an elephant. Historical reputation accounts him one of the greatest military commanders in Western history, if not world history. The Roman terms for peace were extremely harsh on the Carthaginians, severely reducing their military and extracting large reparations. Lance Serge states that Hamilcar's family was part of the landed aristocracy of Carthage. After mustering their forces, a decisive battle was fought probably near the town of Leptis Minor. [111] The Romans withdrew and did not bother the Carthaginians in Spain until 226 BC. Some of Hamilcars anger at Rome was transferred to his son Hannibal, whoaccording to Polybius and Livyswore eternal enmity against Rome. WebHannibal Barca (247-183 BC) was a Carthaginian general and one of the greatest s of the ancient world. WebYouTube Star Born in Texas #14. He may have been responsible for creating the strategy which his son Hannibal implemented in the Second Punic War to bring the Roman Republic close to defeat. The head has been identified as Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 c. 228 BCE). True to his fears, he was assassinated at his home in Conakry on January 20, 1973, by one Inocncio Kani who was a disgruntled member of Cabrals party PAIGC. Hannibal, general of the Carthaginian army, lived in the second and third century B.C. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. [110] Massalia, probably alarmed by the Carthaginian advance towards their area of influence, mentioned this expansion to the Romans, who decided to investigate the matter. i. p. 391; Auson. Shouting encouragement to each other they broke into a run to pursue. A brilliant strategist, he developed tactics of outflanking and surrounding the enemy with the combined forces of infantry and cavalry. Hamlicar bristled at the terms of the treaty, which obligated Carthage to pay Rome a huge indemnity and to surrender all land in Sicily. Copy. The Barca family originated from the celebrated Numidian warriors. The Undefeated army now created a unique problem for Carthage. Carthage will ransom all Punic prisoners, while all Roman prisoners would be freed without payment of ransom. As this was in line with the goal of the "Peace Party" of Hanno the Great, probably no serious opposition was offered. Hamilcar killed his prisoners and announced a policy of equal measure toward future rebel prisoners, thus ending any chance of desertion from the rebel army and the truceless war began in earnest.

Cookie Notice [1], The cognomen or epithet BRQ () means "thunderbolt" or "shining". WebHamilcar Barca: Hannibal Barca is the son of General Hamiclar Barca of Carthage. WebHamilcar Barca or Barcas (c. 275 228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman of Cyrene origin (thus could be of Roman, Greek, Iberian or Berber origin), leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. When this was done in an ancient-history At an early age, he took Hannibal to Spain and made him swear eternal hostility toward the Roman Empire. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. See more. [57] As the two rebel forces came into clear sight the Carthaginians wheeled, and marched away. He was also father #ReadAustralian: Buy 1 Get 1 50% Off. Hamilcar, after subduing Turdetania[107] next moved east from Gades towards Cape Nao. Prior to his departure from Carthage, Hamilcar made sacrifices to obtain favorable omens and Hannibal swore never to be a "Friend of Rome" and "Never to show goodwill to the Romans". Hamilcar's army either crossed the Straits of Gibraltar into Iberia from West Africa[88] or, having returned to Carthage after the African activities, sailed along the African coast to Gades. [9] The situation changed when the surprise attack on the Carthaginian fleet met defeat at the Battle of Drepana[10] and the following Carthaginian victory at the Battle of Phintias; the Romans were all but swept from the sea. Download Full Size Image. This act would have an incredibly psychological impact on the surrounding Roman population in those days. Hannibal's Alps crossing was a remarkable military achievement. In the latter phase of the First Punic War (264241 BC), Hamilcar waged a brilliant guerilla campaign to defend Mount Hercte and Mount Eryx in Sicily. Tuskegee Airman Clarence D. Lester Broke Barriers, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Name: Hannibal, Birth Year: 247, Birth City: Carthage (present-day Tunisia), Birth Country: Tunisia. Training for the army was obtained in some Numidian forays, then Hamilcar marched the army westwards to the Pillars of Hercules.

They had remained in power throughout the Mercenary War and had advocated Hanno's position over Hamilcar's more than once. WebHamilcar Barca or Barcas (Punic: , omilqart Baraq; c. 275 228 BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, This army was small for leading a sortie against the stronger rebel forces, especially to lead into a pitched battle. Hamilcar probably fought an inconclusive battle at Drepanum,[22] but there is cause to doubt this.[24]. The rebels, under Spendius and Matho, were joined by 70,000 African subjects of Carthage. [64] In response, Hamilcar began to harass the rebel supply lines and soon the rebels were placed in a state of siege. WebHannibal was the son of the great Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca. In the process, Hamilcar created a professional army of Iberians, Africans, Numidians and other mercenaries that Hasdrubal the Fair would inherit and Hannibal would later lead across the Alps to immortality. Web6 abril, 2023 praying mantis on car dairy farms for sale in washington state as a teleworker you are responsible for all of the following except praying mantis on car dairy farms for sale in washington state as a teleworker you are responsible for all of the following except [44] They added some conditions and amended some of the ones given by Lutatius:[45]. The coins do not resemble each other. [15] Carthage did not take advantage of their naval supremacy and carry the war to Italy other than launching a few raids. The Book of Inventions; Thomas J. Craughwell; 2008. While Carthage was busy settling state affairs, Spendius and Matho decided to blockade the city from the landward side. Websarpy county assessor gis property search, rockabilly festival 2023, 3rd degree burglary alabama, 88th division ww1 roster, nottely dam release schedule, sirius star spiritual significance, accident route 20 westfield, ma today, richard thomson howard, claudia winkleman brother michael mcintyre, why does henry gowen limp, santa clara, colombia (The origins of Carthage go back to the city of Tabarka, present-day Tunisia). [17] During one of the raids, when troops under a subordinate commander named Bodostor engaged in plunder against the orders of Hamilcar and suffered severe casualties when the Romans caught up to them, Hamilcar requested a truce to bury his dead. Hamilcar, upon taking command in the summer of 247 BC,[21] punished the rebellious mercenaries (who had revolted because of overdue payments) by murdering some of them at night and drowning the rest at sea,[22] and dismissing many to different parts of northern Africa. The Iberians had support from Celtiberian tribes and were under the command of two chieftains, Istolatios and his brother. After Carthage's defeat by the Romans in the First Punic War in 241 B.C, Hamilcar devoted Hanno the Great was aligned with them and they espoused peaceful relations with Rome, even at the cost of abandoning overseas territories. The seeds of that conflict, called Hannibals War even in antiquity, were sown by Hamilcars unforgiving and unyielding spirit against Rome and passed on to his sons, Hannibal, Hasdrubal, and Mago. jonathan michael schmidt; potato shortage uk 1970s Carthaginians may have taken control of the mining operations and introduced new technologies to increase production. hamilcar barca was black February 27, 2023 new bill passed in nj for inmates 2022 No Comments Write by: By 247, when Hamilcar took charge in Sicily, Carthage had lost to Rome all of its Sicilian possessions except Lilybaeum (now Marsala) and Hannibal did not have the numbers to successfully push into Rome, and Scipio didn't have the superior forces to defeat him. Original image by Kordas. Four years of constant campaigns, details of which are not known, saw Hamilcar subdue the area between Gades and Cape Nao. Punic Mercenaries stationed in Sardinia had rebelled in 239 BC, besieged Boaster and all Carthaginians in a citadel and later executed them after the fort fell. Their heavy handedness with Sardinian natives caused native Sardinians to attack and expel the mercenaries by 237 BC. Greek piracy had forced Carthage to team up with the Etruscans to drive the Greeks from Corsica, and destroy the colony at Mainke in Iberia. Nothing is known of Hamilcar before he was given command of the Carthaginian forces in Sicily in 247 during the First Punic War. [28] He also set about improving the spirit of the army, and succeeded in creating a highly disciplined and versatile force. The Greek historian Polybius and the Roman historian Livy are the two primary sources for his life. Over the next three years, Hannibal's army battled Scipio's forces for control of Italian territory. The milder terms Rome had given to Carthage in the aftermath of the First Punic War, and the friendly conduct of Rome during the mercenary war might have raised the possibility of a long period of peace between the two powers, but the seizure of Sardinia destroyed any real chance of peace among equals. Hanno the Great was given command of the Punic army, which was raised from Carthaginian citizens and mercenaries recruited from abroad, plus cavalry squadrons and 100 elephants. Hamilcar Barca.